Is the speedo a UK (Mk1) or an Aust''n (mk2)?
This is a UK Mk1 speedo - the gear wheel is the white plastic piece in this photo, beside the yellow 1/10 mile wheel. This gearwheel doesn't change the speedo ratio.
Attachment:
Mk1 odometer display.jpg
These speedos were made with a fixed ratio listed on the face of the speedo to indicate the number for turns of the drive wire to equal 1 mile e.g. 1280 turns for a 1275 cooper S. See below
Attachment:
Mk1 speedo facia.jpg
The coloured gears to change ratios were in the speedo housing where the speedo drive cable attached. These different coloured gears only need swapping when changing a speedo to a different car with different gearbox ratio/wheel sizes.
Some specialist repair places may have spares - the gear wheel and the pawl to click it over are the main wearing parts here. Otherwise, can you glue the wheel together?